What Jewish and Christian writers of the past said about a passage, in their own words, beside the Bible and the Story: several traditions on every chapter, never one alone. The site doesn’t say who is right.
A faded number has nothing yet: every chapter needs writers from at least two traditions, and for some only one has been found so far. In the Bible and the Story, a small beside a verse or paragraph opens what they wrote on it.
Questions they answer differently
Where writers read a passage in different ways, the chapter’s page asks the question and sets their answers side by side.
A Jewish philosopher of Alexandria, in Egypt, in Jesus’ own lifetime, who read the books of Moses through Greek philosophy.
On the Creation of the World, translated by C. D. Yonge (London, 1854). On 1 chapter so far.
Josephus37–c. 100 · Jewish
A Jewish priest from Jerusalem who fought Rome in the war of 66–70 and afterwards wrote the history of his people for Greek readers.
Antiquities of the Jews, translated by William Whiston (1737; the printing of 1792). Antiquities of the Jews, translated by William Whiston (1737); the text of Project Gutenberg. On 420 chapters so far.
The Talmudgathered c. 200–500 · Jewish
The rabbis' discussions of the law and the Scriptures, gathered in Babylonia over three centuries, each saying under the name of the rabbi who said it.
Tract Baba Bathra, translated by Michael L. Rodkinson (Boston, 1918); the text of the Internet Sacred Text Archive. On 14 chapters so far.
Rashi1040–1105 · Jewish
Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki of Troyes, in France, whose commentary on the Torah is still the first that Jewish readers turn to.
Commentary on the Torah, translated by M. Rosenbaum and A. M. Silbermann (London: Genesis 1929, Exodus 1930). On 89 chapters so far.
Maimonides1138–1204 · Jewish
Rabbi Moses ben Maimon of Córdoba and Cairo, physician and philosopher, whose Guide for the Perplexed reads the Bible's hardest passages with the philosophy of his day.
The Guide for the Perplexed, translated by M. Friedländer (second edition, London, 1904; the text of Project Gutenberg). On 18 chapters so far.
The early church
Justin Martyrc. 110–165 · Early church, East
A Greek philosopher from Samaria who became a Christian and taught in Rome, where he was put to death for his faith. His First Apology, addressed to the emperor, defends the Christians and shows them the prophets’ words about Christ.
The First Apology, translated for the Ante-Nicene Christian Library (Edinburgh, 1867), as printed in the Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 1 (Buffalo, 1885); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. On 15 chapters so far.
Origenc. 185–253 · Early church, East
A teacher of Alexandria, the early church’s first great interpreter of the Bible; some of his ideas were later rejected by the church.
in the Catena Aurea (the Fathers on the Gospels, gathered by Thomas Aquinas), translated under John Henry Newman (Oxford, 1841–1845); the text of CrossWire’s public-domain module. On 15 chapters so far.
Gregory Thaumaturgusc. 213–270 · Early church, East
Gregory “the Wonder-worker”, bishop of Neocaesarea in Pontus and a pupil of Origen. His Metaphrase retells Ecclesiastes in plain prose, as a teacher would read it to a beginner.
A Metaphrase of the Book of Ecclesiastes, translated by S. D. F. Salmond in the Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 6 (New York, 1886); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. On 12 chapters so far.
Hilary of Poitiersc. 310–367 · Early church, West
Bishop of Poitiers in Gaul, who wrote the first Latin commentary on Matthew to survive whole.
in the Catena Aurea (the Fathers on the Gospels, gathered by Thomas Aquinas), translated under John Henry Newman (Oxford, 1841–1845); the text of CrossWire’s public-domain module. On 17 chapters so far.
Basil the Greatc. 330–379 · Early church, East
Bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia (in today’s Turkey), one of the Fathers of the Eastern church.
Hexaemeron (sermons on the six days), translated by Blomfield Jackson, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, second series, volume 8 (1895). On 1 chapter so far.
Ambrose of Milanc. 339–397 · Early church, West
Bishop of Milan, a preacher and hymn writer, who baptized Augustine.
in the Catena Aurea (the Fathers on the Gospels, gathered by Thomas Aquinas), translated under John Henry Newman (Oxford, 1841–1845); the text of CrossWire’s public-domain module. On 19 chapters so far.
John Chrysostomc. 347–407 · Early church, East
Archbishop of Constantinople, called “golden-mouthed” for his preaching; his sermons on the Gospels and on Paul's letters are still read in the Orthodox church.
in the Catena Aurea (the Fathers on the Gospels, gathered by Thomas Aquinas), translated under John Henry Newman (Oxford, 1841–1845); the text of CrossWire’s public-domain module. Homilies on the Acts of the Apostles, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 11, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the Epistle to the Romans, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 11, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the First Epistle to the Corinthians, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 12, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 12, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 13, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the Epistle to the Ephesians, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 13, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the Epistle to the Philippians, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 13, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the Epistle to the Colossians, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 13, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the First Epistle to the Thessalonians, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 13, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the Second Epistle to the Thessalonians, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 13, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the First Epistle to Timothy, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 13, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the Second Epistle to Timothy, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 13, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the Epistle to Titus, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 13, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the Epistle to Philemon, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 13, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the Epistle to the Hebrews, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 14, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. On 187 chapters so far.
Jeromec. 347–420 · Early church, West
A scholar and monk who lived in Bethlehem and translated the Bible into Latin, the Vulgate.
in the Catena Aurea (the Fathers on the Gospels, gathered by Thomas Aquinas), translated under John Henry Newman (Oxford, 1841–1845); the text of CrossWire’s public-domain module. On 25 chapters so far.
Augustine of Hippo354–430 · Early church, West
Bishop of Hippo in North Africa, the most widely read of the Western church’s Fathers. His Expositions on the Psalms are mostly sermons to his people, hearing Christ and the Church in every psalm.
Confessions, translated by J. G. Pilkington, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, volume 1 (1886). The City of God, translated by Marcus Dods, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, volume 2 (1887). in the Catena Aurea (the Fathers on the Gospels, gathered by Thomas Aquinas), translated under John Henry Newman (Oxford, 1841–1845); the text of CrossWire’s public-domain module. Expositions on the Book of Psalms, the Oxford translation (1847–1857) as A. Cleveland Coxe condensed it for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers (New York, 1888); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. The City of God, translated by Marcus Dods, as revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 2 (New York, 1887); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. On 98 chapters so far.
Cyril of Alexandriac. 376–444 · Early church, East
Archbishop of Alexandria, whose teaching on Christ was accepted at the Council of Ephesus in 431.
in the Catena Aurea (the Fathers on the Gospels, gathered by Thomas Aquinas), translated under John Henry Newman (Oxford, 1841–1845); the text of CrossWire’s public-domain module. On 12 chapters so far.
Gregory the Greatc. 540–604 · Early church, West
Bishop of Rome from 590, whose Morals on the Book of Job and sermons on the Gospels were read across the medieval church.
in the Catena Aurea (the Fathers on the Gospels, gathered by Thomas Aquinas), translated under John Henry Newman (Oxford, 1841–1845); the text of CrossWire’s public-domain module. Morals on the Book of Job, translated in the Library of the Fathers (Oxford, 1844–1850); the text of Lectionary Central. On 68 chapters so far.
Bedec. 673–735 · Early church, West
A monk of Jarrow in northern England, called the Venerable Bede, who wrote on the Gospels and the history of the English church.
in the Catena Aurea (the Fathers on the Gospels, gathered by Thomas Aquinas), translated under John Henry Newman (Oxford, 1841–1845); the text of CrossWire’s public-domain module. On 33 chapters so far.
Catholic
Rabanus Maurusc. 780–856 · Catholic
Abbot of Fulda and archbishop of Mainz, a teacher of the church in Charlemagne’s lands.
in the Catena Aurea (the Fathers on the Gospels, gathered by Thomas Aquinas), translated under John Henry Newman (Oxford, 1841–1845); the text of CrossWire’s public-domain module. On 13 chapters so far.
Thomas Aquinasc. 1225–1274 · Catholic
An Italian Dominican friar and teacher, the great theologian of the medieval Catholic church.
Summa Theologica, translated by the Fathers of the English Dominican Province (first edition, 1912). On 1 chapter so far.
Orthodox
Theophylact of Ohridc. 1050–1107 · Orthodox
A Byzantine archbishop in Ohrid (in today’s North Macedonia), whose commentaries on the Gospels gather the Greek Fathers.
in the Catena Aurea (the Fathers on the Gospels, gathered by Thomas Aquinas), translated under John Henry Newman (Oxford, 1841–1845); the text of CrossWire’s public-domain module. On 36 chapters so far.
Protestant
Martin Luther1483–1546 · Lutheran
The German monk and professor whose protests began the Reformation; he lectured on Genesis in the last ten years of his life.
Lectures on Genesis, translated by Henry Cole, revised by J. N. Lenker (Minneapolis, 1904). On 1 chapter so far.
John Calvin1509–1564 · Reformed
The French reformer of Geneva, from whose teaching the Reformed and Presbyterian churches come.
Commentaries on the First Book of Moses, called Genesis, translated by John King, Calvin Translation Society (Edinburgh, 1847). Commentaries, Calvin Translation Society (Edinburgh, 1843–1855); the text of the Free Use Bible API. On 438 chapters so far.
Matthew Henry1662–1714 · English Presbyterian
An English Presbyterian minister whose commentary on the whole Bible Protestants have read for three centuries.
An Exposition of the Old and New Testament, 1706–1714 (Revell edition). Commentary on the Whole Bible, 1706–1714; the text of the Free Use Bible API. On 659 chapters so far.
John Gill1697–1771 · Baptist
An English Baptist pastor in London and a scholar of Hebrew and the rabbis, who wrote a verse-by-verse commentary on the whole Bible.
An Exposition of the Old and New Testament, 1746–1763; the text of the Free Use Bible API. On 408 chapters so far.
John Wesley1703–1791 · Methodist
The Anglican priest who began the Methodist movement; his notes on the Bible were written for ordinary readers.
Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament, Bristol, 1765. Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament, London, 1755; the text of CrossWire’s public-domain module. On 327 chapters so far.
Adam Clarkec. 1760–1832 · Methodist
A Methodist preacher and scholar from Ulster, whose commentary on the whole Bible took him nearly forty years.
Commentary on the Holy Bible, 1810–1826; the text of the Free Use Bible API. On 378 chapters so far.
Jamieson, Fausset and Brownpublished 1871 · Presbyterian and Anglican
Three ministers, two Scottish Presbyterians and an Irish Anglican, whose commentary on the whole Bible was written to be short and plain.
A Commentary, Critical and Explanatory, on the Old and New Testaments, 1871; the text of the Free Use Bible API. On 360 chapters so far.
Keil and Delitzsch1807–1888 and 1813–1890 · Lutheran
Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch, two German Lutheran scholars of Hebrew whose commentary on the Old Testament is still read for its learning.
Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament, translated by James Martin and others (Edinburgh, 1866–1891); the text of the Free Use Bible API. On 413 chapters so far.
Charles Spurgeon1834–1892 · Baptist
A London Baptist pastor, the best-known preacher of Victorian England.
The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, volume 21 (London, 1876). On 1 chapter so far.
How they’re chosen
Several traditions on every passage: Jewish writers, the early church, Catholic and Protestant, each labelled and dated. The oldest come first, or, with “My church tradition” set in Settings, that tradition’s writers.
Their words, not ours. Short passages, quoted exactly from printings old enough to be in the public domain, with a link to the printed page where there is one. The site adds only the labels and, where writers answer a question differently, the question.
Chosen to show what they thought, where they agree and where they differ; not to settle anything. Passages that disparage other faiths or peoples are left out.
Old words kept. These were written centuries ago and some of their English is old: they are as printed.
More as they’re chosen, in the reading plan’s order.
What others have written
What Jewish and Christian writers of the past said about a passage, in their own words, beside the Bible and the Story: several traditions on every chapter, never one alone. The site doesn’t say who is right.
742 chapters · 1,323 questions they answer differently · 29 writers
Find a chapter
Old Testament
Genesis · all 50 chapters
Exodus · all 40 chapters
Leviticus · 26 of 27 chapters
Numbers · 31 of 36 chapters
Deuteronomy · 30 of 34 chapters
Joshua · 22 of 24 chapters
Judges · 17 of 21 chapters
Ruth · all 4 chapters
1 Samuel · all 31 chapters
2 Samuel · all 24 chapters
1 Kings · all 22 chapters
2 Kings · 24 of 25 chapters
1 Chronicles · 20 of 29 chapters
2 Chronicles · 34 of 36 chapters
Ezra · all 10 chapters
Nehemiah · 8 of 13 chapters
Esther · all 10 chapters
Job · all 42 chapters
Psalms · 10 of 150 chapters
Ecclesiastes · all 12 chapters
Isaiah · 13 of 66 chapters
Jeremiah · 10 of 52 chapters
Lamentations · 1 of 5 chapters
Ezekiel · 2 of 48 chapters
Daniel · 10 of 12 chapters
Hosea · 3 of 14 chapters
Joel · 1 of 3 chapters
Amos · 1 of 9 chapters
Obadiah · one chapter
Jonah · 3 of 4 chapters
Micah · 2 of 7 chapters
Nahum · 2 of 3 chapters
Habakkuk · 2 of 3 chapters
Zephaniah · 1 of 3 chapters
Haggai · 1 of 2 chapters
Zechariah · 1 of 14 chapters
Malachi · all 4 chapters
New Testament
Matthew · all 28 chapters
Mark · all 16 chapters
Luke · all 24 chapters
John · all 21 chapters
Acts · all 28 chapters
Romans · all 16 chapters
1 Corinthians · all 16 chapters
2 Corinthians · all 13 chapters
Galatians · all 6 chapters
Ephesians · all 6 chapters
Philippians · all 4 chapters
Colossians · all 4 chapters
1 Thessalonians · all 5 chapters
2 Thessalonians · all 3 chapters
1 Timothy · all 6 chapters
2 Timothy · all 4 chapters
Titus · all 3 chapters
Philemon · one chapter
Hebrews · all 13 chapters
A faded number has nothing yet: every chapter needs writers from at least two traditions, and for some only one has been found so far. In the Bible and the Story, a small beside a verse or paragraph opens what they wrote on it.
Questions they answer differently
Where writers read a passage in different ways, the chapter’s page asks the question and sets their answers side by side.
All 1,323 questions, book by book
The writers
Jewish writers
Philo of Alexandria c. 20 BC–c. AD 50 · Jewish
A Jewish philosopher of Alexandria, in Egypt, in Jesus’ own lifetime, who read the books of Moses through Greek philosophy.
On the Creation of the World, translated by C. D. Yonge (London, 1854). On 1 chapter so far.
Josephus 37–c. 100 · Jewish
A Jewish priest from Jerusalem who fought Rome in the war of 66–70 and afterwards wrote the history of his people for Greek readers.
Antiquities of the Jews, translated by William Whiston (1737; the printing of 1792). Antiquities of the Jews, translated by William Whiston (1737); the text of Project Gutenberg. On 420 chapters so far.
The Talmud gathered c. 200–500 · Jewish
The rabbis' discussions of the law and the Scriptures, gathered in Babylonia over three centuries, each saying under the name of the rabbi who said it.
Tract Baba Bathra, translated by Michael L. Rodkinson (Boston, 1918); the text of the Internet Sacred Text Archive. On 14 chapters so far.
Rashi 1040–1105 · Jewish
Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki of Troyes, in France, whose commentary on the Torah is still the first that Jewish readers turn to.
Commentary on the Torah, translated by M. Rosenbaum and A. M. Silbermann (London: Genesis 1929, Exodus 1930). On 89 chapters so far.
Maimonides 1138–1204 · Jewish
Rabbi Moses ben Maimon of Córdoba and Cairo, physician and philosopher, whose Guide for the Perplexed reads the Bible's hardest passages with the philosophy of his day.
The Guide for the Perplexed, translated by M. Friedländer (second edition, London, 1904; the text of Project Gutenberg). On 18 chapters so far.
The early church
Justin Martyr c. 110–165 · Early church, East
A Greek philosopher from Samaria who became a Christian and taught in Rome, where he was put to death for his faith. His First Apology, addressed to the emperor, defends the Christians and shows them the prophets’ words about Christ.
The First Apology, translated for the Ante-Nicene Christian Library (Edinburgh, 1867), as printed in the Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 1 (Buffalo, 1885); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. On 15 chapters so far.
Origen c. 185–253 · Early church, East
A teacher of Alexandria, the early church’s first great interpreter of the Bible; some of his ideas were later rejected by the church.
in the Catena Aurea (the Fathers on the Gospels, gathered by Thomas Aquinas), translated under John Henry Newman (Oxford, 1841–1845); the text of CrossWire’s public-domain module. On 15 chapters so far.
Gregory Thaumaturgus c. 213–270 · Early church, East
Gregory “the Wonder-worker”, bishop of Neocaesarea in Pontus and a pupil of Origen. His Metaphrase retells Ecclesiastes in plain prose, as a teacher would read it to a beginner.
A Metaphrase of the Book of Ecclesiastes, translated by S. D. F. Salmond in the Ante-Nicene Fathers, vol. 6 (New York, 1886); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. On 12 chapters so far.
Hilary of Poitiers c. 310–367 · Early church, West
Bishop of Poitiers in Gaul, who wrote the first Latin commentary on Matthew to survive whole.
in the Catena Aurea (the Fathers on the Gospels, gathered by Thomas Aquinas), translated under John Henry Newman (Oxford, 1841–1845); the text of CrossWire’s public-domain module. On 17 chapters so far.
Basil the Great c. 330–379 · Early church, East
Bishop of Caesarea in Cappadocia (in today’s Turkey), one of the Fathers of the Eastern church.
Hexaemeron (sermons on the six days), translated by Blomfield Jackson, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, second series, volume 8 (1895). On 1 chapter so far.
Ambrose of Milan c. 339–397 · Early church, West
Bishop of Milan, a preacher and hymn writer, who baptized Augustine.
in the Catena Aurea (the Fathers on the Gospels, gathered by Thomas Aquinas), translated under John Henry Newman (Oxford, 1841–1845); the text of CrossWire’s public-domain module. On 19 chapters so far.
John Chrysostom c. 347–407 · Early church, East
Archbishop of Constantinople, called “golden-mouthed” for his preaching; his sermons on the Gospels and on Paul's letters are still read in the Orthodox church.
in the Catena Aurea (the Fathers on the Gospels, gathered by Thomas Aquinas), translated under John Henry Newman (Oxford, 1841–1845); the text of CrossWire’s public-domain module. Homilies on the Acts of the Apostles, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 11, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the Epistle to the Romans, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 11, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the First Epistle to the Corinthians, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 12, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the Second Epistle to the Corinthians, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 12, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Commentary on the Epistle to the Galatians, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 13, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the Epistle to the Ephesians, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 13, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the Epistle to the Philippians, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 13, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the Epistle to the Colossians, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 13, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the First Epistle to the Thessalonians, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 13, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the Second Epistle to the Thessalonians, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 13, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the First Epistle to Timothy, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 13, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the Second Epistle to Timothy, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 13, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the Epistle to Titus, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 13, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the Epistle to Philemon, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 13, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. Homilies on the Epistle to the Hebrews, the Oxford translation (Library of the Fathers, 1839–1877), revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 14, edited by Philip Schaff (New York, 1889); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. On 187 chapters so far.
Jerome c. 347–420 · Early church, West
A scholar and monk who lived in Bethlehem and translated the Bible into Latin, the Vulgate.
in the Catena Aurea (the Fathers on the Gospels, gathered by Thomas Aquinas), translated under John Henry Newman (Oxford, 1841–1845); the text of CrossWire’s public-domain module. On 25 chapters so far.
Augustine of Hippo 354–430 · Early church, West
Bishop of Hippo in North Africa, the most widely read of the Western church’s Fathers. His Expositions on the Psalms are mostly sermons to his people, hearing Christ and the Church in every psalm.
Confessions, translated by J. G. Pilkington, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, volume 1 (1886). The City of God, translated by Marcus Dods, Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, volume 2 (1887). in the Catena Aurea (the Fathers on the Gospels, gathered by Thomas Aquinas), translated under John Henry Newman (Oxford, 1841–1845); the text of CrossWire’s public-domain module. Expositions on the Book of Psalms, the Oxford translation (1847–1857) as A. Cleveland Coxe condensed it for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers (New York, 1888); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. The City of God, translated by Marcus Dods, as revised for the Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, first series, vol. 2 (New York, 1887); the text of the Christian Classics Ethereal Library. On 98 chapters so far.
Cyril of Alexandria c. 376–444 · Early church, East
Archbishop of Alexandria, whose teaching on Christ was accepted at the Council of Ephesus in 431.
in the Catena Aurea (the Fathers on the Gospels, gathered by Thomas Aquinas), translated under John Henry Newman (Oxford, 1841–1845); the text of CrossWire’s public-domain module. On 12 chapters so far.
Gregory the Great c. 540–604 · Early church, West
Bishop of Rome from 590, whose Morals on the Book of Job and sermons on the Gospels were read across the medieval church.
in the Catena Aurea (the Fathers on the Gospels, gathered by Thomas Aquinas), translated under John Henry Newman (Oxford, 1841–1845); the text of CrossWire’s public-domain module. Morals on the Book of Job, translated in the Library of the Fathers (Oxford, 1844–1850); the text of Lectionary Central. On 68 chapters so far.
Bede c. 673–735 · Early church, West
A monk of Jarrow in northern England, called the Venerable Bede, who wrote on the Gospels and the history of the English church.
in the Catena Aurea (the Fathers on the Gospels, gathered by Thomas Aquinas), translated under John Henry Newman (Oxford, 1841–1845); the text of CrossWire’s public-domain module. On 33 chapters so far.
Catholic
Rabanus Maurus c. 780–856 · Catholic
Abbot of Fulda and archbishop of Mainz, a teacher of the church in Charlemagne’s lands.
in the Catena Aurea (the Fathers on the Gospels, gathered by Thomas Aquinas), translated under John Henry Newman (Oxford, 1841–1845); the text of CrossWire’s public-domain module. On 13 chapters so far.
Thomas Aquinas c. 1225–1274 · Catholic
An Italian Dominican friar and teacher, the great theologian of the medieval Catholic church.
Summa Theologica, translated by the Fathers of the English Dominican Province (first edition, 1912). On 1 chapter so far.
Orthodox
Theophylact of Ohrid c. 1050–1107 · Orthodox
A Byzantine archbishop in Ohrid (in today’s North Macedonia), whose commentaries on the Gospels gather the Greek Fathers.
in the Catena Aurea (the Fathers on the Gospels, gathered by Thomas Aquinas), translated under John Henry Newman (Oxford, 1841–1845); the text of CrossWire’s public-domain module. On 36 chapters so far.
Protestant
Martin Luther 1483–1546 · Lutheran
The German monk and professor whose protests began the Reformation; he lectured on Genesis in the last ten years of his life.
Lectures on Genesis, translated by Henry Cole, revised by J. N. Lenker (Minneapolis, 1904). On 1 chapter so far.
John Calvin 1509–1564 · Reformed
The French reformer of Geneva, from whose teaching the Reformed and Presbyterian churches come.
Commentaries on the First Book of Moses, called Genesis, translated by John King, Calvin Translation Society (Edinburgh, 1847). Commentaries, Calvin Translation Society (Edinburgh, 1843–1855); the text of the Free Use Bible API. On 438 chapters so far.
Matthew Henry 1662–1714 · English Presbyterian
An English Presbyterian minister whose commentary on the whole Bible Protestants have read for three centuries.
An Exposition of the Old and New Testament, 1706–1714 (Revell edition). Commentary on the Whole Bible, 1706–1714; the text of the Free Use Bible API. On 659 chapters so far.
John Gill 1697–1771 · Baptist
An English Baptist pastor in London and a scholar of Hebrew and the rabbis, who wrote a verse-by-verse commentary on the whole Bible.
An Exposition of the Old and New Testament, 1746–1763; the text of the Free Use Bible API. On 408 chapters so far.
John Wesley 1703–1791 · Methodist
The Anglican priest who began the Methodist movement; his notes on the Bible were written for ordinary readers.
Explanatory Notes upon the Old Testament, Bristol, 1765. Explanatory Notes upon the New Testament, London, 1755; the text of CrossWire’s public-domain module. On 327 chapters so far.
Adam Clarke c. 1760–1832 · Methodist
A Methodist preacher and scholar from Ulster, whose commentary on the whole Bible took him nearly forty years.
Commentary on the Holy Bible, 1810–1826; the text of the Free Use Bible API. On 378 chapters so far.
Jamieson, Fausset and Brown published 1871 · Presbyterian and Anglican
Three ministers, two Scottish Presbyterians and an Irish Anglican, whose commentary on the whole Bible was written to be short and plain.
A Commentary, Critical and Explanatory, on the Old and New Testaments, 1871; the text of the Free Use Bible API. On 360 chapters so far.
Keil and Delitzsch 1807–1888 and 1813–1890 · Lutheran
Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch, two German Lutheran scholars of Hebrew whose commentary on the Old Testament is still read for its learning.
Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament, translated by James Martin and others (Edinburgh, 1866–1891); the text of the Free Use Bible API. On 413 chapters so far.
Charles Spurgeon 1834–1892 · Baptist
A London Baptist pastor, the best-known preacher of Victorian England.
The Metropolitan Tabernacle Pulpit, volume 21 (London, 1876). On 1 chapter so far.
How they’re chosen